Raphael Satter is an investigative reporter with Reuters in Washington, D.C. His work is focused on finding overlaps between espionage and disinformation campaigns, as well as how these operations are increasingly privatized.

While at the Associated Press, he helped expose a series of undercover spies from the private intelligence firm Black Cube. At Reuters, his work has shown how artificial intelligence technologies are used to seed disinformation.

Raphael has written extensively on Russian hacking operations, especially surrounding the 2016 and 2020 U.S. Presidential Elections. That reporting led to the release of a 2019 Justice Department inspector general report, which said the U.S. government is failing to notify hacking victims.