Ben Nimmo (@benimmo) is Global Lead for Threat Intelligence at Meta. A long-term student of influence operations and online harms, he was a founding member of the Atlantic Council’s Digital Forensic Research Lab (DFRLab) and the first director of investigations at Graphika. He led the open-source research into some of the field’s most persistent influence operations, including Secondary Infektion (Russia) and Spamouflage (China), and developed analytical frameworks including the 4 Ds of disinformation (dismiss, distort, distract, dismay), the Coefficient of Traffic Manipulation on Twitter, and the Breakout Scale for assessing the impact of influence operations. He now works to detect, investigate and disrupt threats including influence operations, harassment, and criminal organizations at Meta. He speaks several obscure languages, has been declared dead on the internet, and wishes he’d claimed his co-author’s Twitter handle first.